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- <text id=93TT0162>
- <title>
- Aug. 09, 1993: Death Before Disgrace
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Aug. 09, 1993 Lost Secrets Of The Maya
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ITALY, Page 39
- Death Before Disgrace
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>The fast life and lonely suicide of Raul Gardini illuminate
- the fatal reach of Italy's vast corruption scandal
- </p>
- <p>By JOHN MOODY/MILAN--With reporting by Leonora Dodsworth/Rome
- </p>
- <p> If the winds of fortune blow kindly, Raul Gardini will be remembered
- as a shining symbol of his age, a captain of industry and a
- world-class sailor who piloted both his companies and his million-dollar
- yachts with joyous abandon. He worked hard for 60 years to cultivate
- that image, in a land where myths ripen richly and image often
- counts more than fact.
- </p>
- <p> In these days of reckoning, however, it is more likely that
- he will be remembered by cartoon depictions of him wearing a
- pirate's black eye patch. Though he reigned as one of Italy's
- premier financial magicians during the 1980s, he had become
- only the latest of more than 2,500 business leaders and politicians
- to be implicated in Italy's omnivorous corruption scandal. But
- having lost his empire, his power and now his honor, the thought
- of a prison cell was apparently too much for him. Lying on a
- bed in his 18th century Milan palazzo two weeks ago, just hours
- before he would have been arrested, Gardini pressed a pistol
- to his temple and fired.
- </p>
- <p> That made 12 suicides among the targets of Italy's 18-month
- investigation into fraud, kickbacks and political payoffs. Gardini's
- name surfaced over and over, as investigators probed a sweet
- deal in which his firm's share of a joint venture, called Enimont,
- with the state energy company was bought out for $2.5 billion,
- vastly more than it was worth. Last week investigators questioning
- two former Gardini executives reportedly learned that more than
- $90 million in payoffs may have landed in the pockets of leading
- politicians, including two former Prime Ministers, who denied
- the accusations.
- </p>
- <p> Even so, prosecutors may never know the full story, because
- Gardini could have taken many of the secrets of Enimont to the
- grave. Nor will they get much help from the other major party
- to the scheme, Gabriele Cagliari, the former head of Italy's
- huge energy conglomerate ENI. Just three days before Gardini's
- death, Cagliari chose to tie a plastic bag over his head with
- a shoelace before telling investigators all he knew. Prosecutors
- believe that Gardini and his associates were responsible for
- the falsification of company books and sophisticated financial
- fraud, besides the payment of millions in bribes.
- </p>
- <p> What a difference a year makes: Gardini reached the peak of
- his fame only last spring, when his racing yacht, Il Moro di
- Venezia, defied sailing experts and reached the finals in the
- America's Cup. Il Moro's success cast Gardini as the personification
- of Italian style, an image especially sweet for a man whose
- childhood on a farm in Ravenna earned him the lifelong nickname
- "il contadino," the peasant.
- </p>
- <p> Gardini's upbringing led him to agricultural college; afterward
- he joined the firm of Ravenna grain dealer Serafino Ferruzzi.
- His charm, ambition and business flair brought him rapid promotion--as well as marriage in 1957 to the boss's eldest daughter,
- Idina, which guaranteed that he would inherit company leadership
- from Ferruzzi, who died in 1979.
- </p>
- <p> Gardini's financial success during the 1980s mirrored that of
- Italy's. His roll-the-dice executive style suited the spirit
- of his times: in 1987 Gardini won control, after a nearly $2
- billion buyout, of Montedison, a chemical and pharmaceutical
- giant, transforming a prosperous family concern into Italy's
- second largest private company after Fiat.
- </p>
- <p> From there Gardini masterminded Ferruzzi-Montedison's 1989 joint
- venture with ENI, which made him a global giant--and began
- his downfall. From the start, there were rumors that kickbacks
- had been paid to political parties in return for approving the
- deal. Gardini soon found himself in conflict with Cagliari,
- ENI's ambitious chief. Each man controlled 40% of Enimont, but
- the Ferruzzi boss tried to tip the balance by having friends
- purchase a majority of the outstanding 20% stock. In the end
- Cagliari prevailed, and in November 1990 ENI bought out Gardini's
- stake at an apparently politically sanctioned inflated price.
- </p>
- <p> The dismantling of Enimont was a major blow, but there was worse
- to come. In 1991 other family members balked at his attempt
- to pass control of the Ferruzzi empire to his children. Gardini,
- his wife and children split from the rest of the family, consoled
- by a golden handshake estimated at $380 million.
- </p>
- <p> He might have walked away a rich if restless man, since investigators
- could not untangle his schemes without some inside help. But
- they found their songbird last month, when Gardini's successor
- at Mont edison was arrested and extradited from Switzerland.
- Giuseppe Garofano was brought back to Milan and immediately
- began giving investigators a detailed rundown of the company's
- double bookkeeping and multimillion-dollar payoffs to politicians.
- He gave them enough to issue warrants for the arrest of five
- top Ferruzzi executives, including Gardini.
- </p>
- <p> Aware that his former partner Cagliari killed himself after
- being told he could not leave jail while the investigation into
- his misdeeds proceeded, Gardini apparently decided not to endure
- a similar imprisonment. "He was a fighter and he had tremendous
- pride," says one of his friends, author and columnist Enzo Biagi.
- "Most of all he valued his freedom." On the morning of July
- 23 Gardini woke at 7 a.m., took a shower and scanned the newspaper
- headlines. One read: GAROFANO ACCUSES GARDINI. Next to the bed
- where he killed himself, he left a one-word note to his family.
- It said, Grazie.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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